Why Every Women’s World Cup City Has Two Names

When soccer followers land in New Zealand this month forward of the Women’s World Cup, they could discover themselves welcomed to not Auckland or Wellington, however to “Tāmaki Makaurau” (“Tah-mah-key Ma-kow-row”) or “Te Whanganui-a-Tara” (“Tay Fung-a-noo-ee a Tah-rah”).

Those names — what the cities are referred to as within the nation’s Indigenous language, te reo Māori — are mirrored within the official paperwork for this yr’s Women’s World Cup, which has positioned Indigenous languages and imagery unapologetically on the forefront.

Every metropolis that can host a match is listed with its English and Indigenous names, and FIFA introduced this month that it will fly First Nations and Māori flags in each stadium. The effort got here after soccer and authorities officers within the host nations pushed for a extra inclusive method, and it “will mean so much to so many,” the top of Australia’s soccer federation mentioned.

In New Zealand, the choice displays an ongoing dialog concerning the nation’s identification. For a long time, many New Zealanders routinely mangled and mispronounced the Māori names of the nation’s cities and cities. Taupō (“Toe-paw”) was pronounced “Towel-po.” Ōtāhuhu (Oh-tah-hu-hu) was “Oter-hu.” And Paraparaumu (“para-para-oo-moo”) was typically merely known as “Pram.”

More just lately lawmakers, broadcasters and far of most people have forged out these mispronunciations as a part of a concerted nationwide effort to say the names accurately. At the identical time, many are selecting to make use of their cities’ authentic Māori names over their English options. Last yr, a proper petition to rename the nation altogether and restore all Māori names was signed by greater than 70,000 individuals.

“Before, it felt like a choice to say the names right,” mentioned Julia de Bres, a linguist at Massey University in New Zealand. “And now it feels like a choice not to.”

Visitors ought to completely use these names, in addition to the widespread greeting “kia ora” (“key ow-rah”), mentioned Hemi Dale, the director of Māori medium training on the University of Auckland.

“Once you grasp the vowels, you can get your tongue around most of the words — long sounds, short sounds, the macron,” the horizontal line above a vowel that signifies a burdened syllable, he mentioned.

(A observe: New Zealanders abroad — of any descent — will typically allow themselves an inner wince at how foreigners say the phrase “Māori.” The appropriate pronunciation is closest to “Mao-ree,” and by no means “May-or-i.” The plural is just “Māori,” with out an “s,” which doesn’t seem within the language.)

The championing of Māori place names is seen all through New Zealand life: Increasingly, New Zealanders name their homeland Aotearoa, the Māori identify that’s typically translated as “land of the long white cloud” and that has been utilized by Māori to consult with the nation for many years, if not centuries. Māori and English names are utilized by the nation’s climate forecasting service, on newly launched official maps and on indicators on the nation’s roads.

The modifications are an impact of a decades-long motion to revitalize a language that risked being extinguished by colonialism, mentioned Rawinia Higgins, the nation’s Māori language commissioner.

As English-speaking settlers turned the dominant inhabitants, Māori and their language had been sidelined and suppressed. As late because the Nineteen Eighties, Māori youngsters had been overwhelmed in school for talking the language, and plenty of adults selected to not go it on to their households.

Starting within the Nineteen Seventies, the Māori language revival motion has led to te reo’s being adopted as one of many nation’s two official languages, alongside signal language, and the institution of almost 500 early childhood faculties by which Māori is spoken completely.

Many non-Māori New Zealanders have embraced the change, and there are lengthy wait lists for Māori language programs. The authorities goals to have a million New Zealanders — roughly one-fifth of the inhabitants — talking primary Māori by 2040.

But for a small however vocal minority, a bicultural society is seen as divisive somewhat than inclusive.

Last yr, after the chocolatier Whittakers quickly modified the packaging on its milk chocolate bars to learn Miraka Kirīmi (Creamy Milk), some in New Zealand referred to as for a boycott of the model. The query of bilingual highway indicators has taken on outsize significance forward of this yr’s common election, the place questions of racial politics have develop into a characteristic of the center-right’s rhetoric.

Place names, as a number of the extra seen examples of the shift, have develop into caught within the fray. Lost in that debate is the truth that the nation’s colonial names typically had little to do with the locations they associated to.

Christchurch, as an example, was named to recall a school on the University of Oxford, whereas the identify Auckland was bestowed as a thanks to George Eden, the Earl of Auckland. Eden was the boss of a former governor of New Zealand, William Hobson, who selected the identify. Eden by no means set foot within the metropolis.

By distinction, Māori place names replicate location-specific info, together with necessary tales or the place meals could be discovered, mentioned Hana Skerett-White, a Māori instructor, advocate and translator who has labored with artists such because the singer Lorde.

“The Māori names tell us stories,” she mentioned. “They speak of our history, of important events, and they actually act as pockets of knowledge, which is how we transmit information from generation to generation.

“When those names are taken away, so too are our knowledge systems disrupted in the process.”

English translations for Tāmaki Makaurau, as Auckland is thought in Māori, differ. One model signifies that town, with its palm-fringed harbors and volcanoes, is a spot desired by many. Another tells the story of Tāmaki, a fantastic princess, and her many admirers.

From a Māori perspective, every understanding is equally legitimate, and particular person tribes, or iwi, could method it in another way, mentioned Pāora Puru, a Māori language advocate and a co-founder of the Māori social enterprise Te Manu Taupua.

“People have their own interpretations, their own meaning,” he mentioned. “I liken it to an invisible umbilical cord that connects you to that place, and to your ancestors’ traditional connection, association, occupation or use of that particular area.”